ISSN: 2521-8514
E-ISSN: 2521-8484
Publisher: Jinnah University for Women, Karachi
Country: Pakistan
Language: English
Subject Areas: Pharmaceutical Science
Frequency: Biannual
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Abstract: Purpose: This investigation focuses on conducting a comprehensive in vitro standard evaluation of 10 different Brands Ebastine tablets (10mg) available in Karachi, Pakistan. The basic findings of this study is to ensure that the selected Ebastine brands from Karachi, Pakistan meet the in vitro quality parameters as specified in United states Pharmacopeia. Methodology: The study involved application of Pharmacopeial and non Pharmacopeial tests on 10 different brands on Ebastine tablets Including weight variation, friability, disintegration, dissolution, assay and thickness, diameter, hardness. Model dependent and independent approaches were applied included First-order, Higuichi, Hixson Crowell and Well model and model dependent approaches the difference (f1) and similarity (f2) factors for were applied on multiple point dissolution data through Dissolution Data solver (DD- Solver) an add-in program in Excel. Result: The average weight variation of ten brands of Ebastine brands fell within the USP specification of ±7.5% deviation (193-212 mg). Hardness of Ebastine were found to be in the range of 4.38±0.1-4.98±0.5 kg which meets the standard value 4-10 kg. Thickness of Ebastine is 1.25±0.2-1.43±0.2mm and diameter was fond to be 3.02±0.2-5.59±0.4 mm. Disintegration time of all ten selected brands of Ebastine was below 15 minutes. Friability ranged from 0.8- 0.91% within the standard limit, indicating tablets’ sufficient mechanical strength. Several kinetic models were successfully applied using DD Solver an add in Program in Excel it was concluded on the basis of r2 0.9903 value all ten brands of Ebastine followed weibull model and f1 similarity and f2 dissimilarity values were found to be 3.59-10.96 & 50.44-71.56. Conclusion: The study successfully conducted Pharmacopeial and non-Pharmacopeial tests on ten different brands Ebastine 10 mg brands accessible in Karachi, Pakistan, indicating conformity with USP specifications.
Authors: Areeba Akhtar, Hira Akhtarh, Laiba Athar, Reshma Alam, Saba Fatima
Keywords: EbastineEfficacyin vitro testingPakistanantihistaminepharmacokinetics
Abstract: Objective: This study investigates the potential of Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) seeds as a novel treatment for diabetes mellitus by evaluating their ability to inhibit the activities of glucoamylase, α-amylase, and glucoinvertase, aiming to lower blood sugar levels. Method: Ethanol extracts of Cicer arietinum L. seeds were tested for their inhibitory effects on glucoamylase, α-amylase, and glucoinvertase. The study utilized varying concentrations of the seed extract (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μg/ml) and different pre-incubation times (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes) to determine the lowest maximum inhibitory concentration. Results: The results indicated that increasing the concentration of ethanol seed extract significantly inhibited the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar. Additionally, extending the incubation time between the enzymes and the extract enhanced the inhibitory effect. The inhibitory effects were comparable to the standard antidiabetic drug Acarbose. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Cicer arietinum L. seeds possess potential antidiabetic properties by inhibiting glucoamylase, α-amylase, and glucoinvertase, likely due to specific phytoconstituents in the seeds. This positions chickpea seeds as a promising alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. Future Prospects: Further research is essential to isolate and identify the phytoconstituents responsible for the enzyme inhibitory activity. Additionally, clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of Cicer arietinum L. seed extracts for diabetes treatment.
Authors: Anum Kalim, Mehreen Zaheer, Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan, Salman Ahmed, Shah Ali ul Qader
Keywords: alpha-amylaseAmyloglucosidaseCicer arietinum L.glucoinvertase
Abstract: Background: Leptin plays a critical role in the body’s response to stress, influencing both learning and memory processes. Objective: The study investigates the effects of different stimuli on memory retrieval along with associated changes in the levels of corticosterone, leptin and serotonin in the bloodstream of rats. Methodology: Twenty-four albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups, with six animals in each group: (i) Control group, (ii) Oscillation-exposed group, (iii) Rock music-exposed group and (iv) Immobilization-exposed group. The animals were exposed to 2h of rock music, oscillation, or immobilization stressors. Memory retention was assessed at 1h and 24h after the termination of the stressors using the water maze test and 24h food intake was also monitored. The animals were decapitated 24h after exposure to the stressors to measure serum levels of leptin, corticosterone, and serotonin. Result: Memory retrieval was impaired 1h after exposure to oscillation, rock music, and immobilization. Immobilization also impaired memory retrieval 24h after exposure, accompanied by increased serum corticosterone levels, while serum leptin and serotonin levels decreased in rats. The anorectic effect was more pronounced in the immobilization group compared to the rock music or oscillation groups. Conclusion: The reduction in serum leptin levels and memory deficits observed in animals decapitated 24h after immobilization suggests that an inadequate amount of endogenous leptin may contribute to stress-related memory disorders.
Authors: Anila Bibi, Bilal Aheed, Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem, Qurrat-ul-Aen Inam, Sadia Afzal, Sadia Saleem
Keywords: corticosteroneleptinmemoryStress
Abstract: Background: Calendula officinalis and Carica papaya are two indigenous plants bearing important bioactive phytoconstituents which can serve as natural antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance has become a menace of today’s medical world which could only be managed by newer and safer antibiotics. Objective: This research project was designed to find out the antimicrobial effects of Calendula officinalis and Carica papaya against acne producing organisms which can lead to anti acne organic drug Methodology: The plants were collected and identified for research study as per standard practice. The selected parts of plants i.e. Carica papaya fruit and Calendula officinalis flowers were observed through powdered microscopy for major diagnostic elements in organ cells. Then the extracts were prepared through conventional methods. These extracts were tested for phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activity against ATCC strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Results: Microscopic study revealed presence of scleroids, fibres, trichomes in both herbs Oil globules found in calendula while oxalates in papaya extract. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of important metabolites like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds. Highly significant antimicrobial activity was found in both extracts against S. aureus and P. acnes while mild significant against S. epidermidis. Conclusion: The results clearly indicates that both herbs possess highly significant anti-acne activity which may be further be proceeded for formulation of suitable anti-acne cream.
Authors: Ambreen Huma, Arif Sabah, Ayesha Mallick, Faiqa Dawood, Maqsood Ahmed, Mubashshera Ashfaque, Nudrat Fatima, Yousra Fazal
Keywords: Anti acneAntimicrobialCalendula officinalisCarica papaya
Abstract: Background: A number of pharmaceutical companies manufacture fixed-dose combination tablets containing Olmesartan, Hydrochlorothiazide and Amlodipine, while few analytical methods are available for simultaneous determination of the three compounds. The existing methods are more time consuming and possess less sensitivity. Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a sensitive, precise and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of olmesartan, hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine in tablet dosage form and validate it as per international regulatory guidelines. Methodology: The analytes were separated using a C-18 (25cm×4.6mm, 5mm) reverse phase column using mobile phase consisting of tri-ethylamine in water adjusted to pH 2.75 with o-Phosphoric acid and Acetonitrile (69:31) (Buffer: ACN) v/v pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with an injection volume of 20µl. Results: Linearity was found within the range 8.05-60.42 µg/mL (R2=0.9991) for olmesartan, 4.99-37.46 µg/mL and for hydrochlorothiazide (R2=0.9980) and 1.98-14.87 µg/mL for amlodipine (R2=0.9997). The system suitability parameters as well as robustness were found acceptable with %RSD < 2.0. The percentage recovery of three analytes was 98.841 ± 0.401, 99.672 ± 0.563 and 98.865 ± 0.521 at 100% of nominal concentration for olmesartan, hydrochlorothiazide and amlodipine respectively. Conclusion: A new UV-HPLC based analytical method for simultaneous quantification of Olmesartan, Hydrochlorothiazide and Amlodipine has been successfully developed and and validate it according to international regulatory guidelines. The method can be effectively applied for the assay of tablets in pharmaceutical QC labs.
Authors: Fahad Siddiqui, Madiha Maboos, Muhammad Talha Usmani, Syed Muhammad Imran, Tariq Ali
Keywords: Hydrochlorothiazide and AmlodipineMethod DevelopmentOlmesartanRP-HPLC
Abstract: Background: WAGR syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and intellectual disability, caused by the deletion of a segment on chromosome 11, specifically at 11p13. Objective: The objective of the study is to study the rare presentation of wagr syndrome, implications of consanguinity on genetic disorders. Methodology: This is the case study of 12 years old year old female patient along with petechial rashes on her foot soles and face, along with oral ulcers, and vaginal infection.Renal profile and sonogram of both kidney was performed. The bilateral kidney abnormalities, with longitudinal measurements revealing decreased kidney size and altered parenchymal echogenicity with differencial diagnosis of kidney failure and confirmed diagnosis of WAGR syndrome. For further testing FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) was carried out for the confirmation of detection of chromosome 11. The established diagnosis was WAGR syndrome. (Wilms tumor: a tumor of kidneys, Aniridia: absence of colored part of the iris, Genitourinary anomalies & Mental retardation).which is such a rare syndrome that it necessitates close monitoring, and early intervention, along with education on family planning and possible risks associated with consanguineous marriages. Results: This case report reviews the psychosocial and clinical features of a patient diagnosed with WAGR syndrome, throwing into relief the impact of consanguinity on the prevalence of hereditary conditions Conclusion: As our country have developed cousion marriage system, awarness section and education is the basic workable element to reduce the incidence like WAGR. Pharmacists played a critical role in optimizing medication regimens, mitigating side effects, and counseling families. On a more general scale, public health initiatives, such as genetic education, screening programs, and premarital counseling, played a crucial role in reducing the burden of hereditary disorders in communities with high cognation rates
Authors: Alizah Khan, Anum Sattar, Areeba Fatima, Hina Rehman, Iqra Iqbal, Nimra Aslam, Tahreem Khan, Yasha Jamil
Keywords: DisordersGeneticWAGR syndromeWilms tumor
Abstract: Objective: Objective of current narrative review is to mainly evaluate existing and future developments on basis of pharmacokinetic rules for manufacturing of safe and effective therapeutic molecule during drug design and should take possible actions to standardize modifications. Methodology: In order to write a review; literature has been collected from 2000 to 2024. Data synthesized by PRISMA methodology. Grading-of-Recommendation-Assessment-Development-and-Evaluation criteria were employed for establishing the quality of literature. The review demonstrated the pharmacokinetic aspects of structural modification in drug design. Results: Structural modification resulted in enhanced of activity of phenothiazine, estradiol, ibuprofen, galeterone and endomorphines; reduction in toxicity of l-ethambutol and cetrizine; enhancement of drug delivery of diclofenac; increase anti-nitrosating effect of unsaturated fattyacids, penolics and tocopherols from EVOO (Extra Virgin Olive Oil); and derivation of nucleic acid drugs i.e. N-methyladenosine and peptide nucleic acids. Conclusion: Structural modifications bring safe pharmacokinetic data of many drugs and revolutionize pharmaceuticals to treat many of diseases. In future many drugs based on modification of structure (pro-drugs) will be available for use of patients with efficiency and safety to improve quality of life. There is a dire need of collaboration of academia and industries to provide various experimental settings and disseminate datasets.
Authors: Sana Siddiqui, Sheikh Abdul Khaliq
Keywords: Drug DesignEfficiencyPharmacokineticsSafetyStructural modification
Abstract: Background: Environmental and Occupational toxicology are important disciplines of public health services focused on identifying and mitigating the toxic effects of exposure to various biological and chemical agents present in the environment and workplaces. Integration of multiple factors such as the Dose-response relationship, exposure assessment, toxidromes, toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic help to assess the health care risk and to develop regulatory guidelines for the protection of public health. Objective: This review focuses on the various applications of toxicology and the methods and principles utilized during toxicological evaluation such as exposure assessment, disease prevention and biomonitoring. This article will also deal with various case studies that help to understand the mechanism of toxicological interaction and approaches to minimize the associated hazards. These case studies will help in designing a regulatory framework and identifying new trends that can help combat the historical and modern-day challenges in risk assessment and management through advanced toxicological research. Methodology: Several articles from literary sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cockrane Library were studied with a major focus on studies conducted between the 20th century i.e. from 2000-2024. Conclusion: The detailed literature review enables us to draw multidisciplinary approaches to reduce the toxic effects of chemicals produced from industrial and environmental exposure. The conclusions drawn are more relevant to ongoing challenges in occupational and environmental health. Real-world case scenarios like Asbestos exposure, pesticide exposure, the Flint water crisis etc. helped to draw practical conclusions keeping in mind the Modern-day toxicological challenges such as Nanotoxicology and climate change.
Authors: Afshan Siddiq, Qudsia Basri, Sadia Ghousia Baig
Keywords: biomonitoringenvironmental toxicologyexposure assessmentOccupational healthToxicology