Northwest Journal of Medical Sciences (NJMS) ISSN: 2413-8010 (Print) 2414-8229 (Online) is the official biomedical journal of Northwest School of Medicine. NJMS is a quarterly, peer-reviewed open-access journal. It has been recognized by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan (Category Y), Pakistan Medical & Dental Council , accredited by College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan and indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) . NJMS follows a strict peer-review policy with national and international experts on the editorial board. The journal accepts various articles, including original research, meta-analysis, clinical trials, reviews, audits, case series, case reports, short communications, letters to the editor, and comments on published articles. Our diamond open-access policy ensures barrier-free visibility of valuable scholarly work to a global audience, resulting in a higher impact.